Annotated Bibliography
#1
Identify: Katroska, Paul H., ed. Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empire: Unknown
Histories. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015. Digital file.
Summarize: The book covers the conditions of forced labor for many Asian countries. It gives the statistics as well as first person accounts in the Japanese industry. This book shows mainly harsh treatment of the Japanese and the suffering the laborers had to endure.
Assess: This is an extremely important piece to help me write about my background on the topic. This source is reliable as it pulls its statistics from government documents of when the United States occupied Japan. Compared to other sources, it presents the historical background stronger than other sources with more quantity textual background, descriptions and statistics.
Reflect: I will use this source many times in constructing my background page. It also helps me to visualize the harsh labor the Koreans and Chinese had to endure. Afterwards, I was able to craft the second page which focuses on the frustration of the laborers, building off this topic.
#2
Identify: Haruko Taya Cook and Theodore F. Cook, Japan At War - An Oral History, New York, 1992
Summarize: This is a collection of primary sources. The passages were taken from both sides: the Japanese and its enemies. This book does not focus on forced labor in general but it shows the voices of the two sides.
Assess: Although this book does not focus on forced labor, there is one passage on a Korean laborer who was forced to worked in a Japanese factory. It will provide a real account of how that person felt and what he has to go through being a Korean in the Japanese society.
Reflect: Primary sources are strong evidences of Japanese treatment of forced laborers. Rather than a broad view of POWs, this passage will give me a perspective of one worker in Japanese factories.
#3
Identify: Underwood, William. "Chinese Forced Labor, the Japanese Government and the
Prospects for Redress." The Asia-Pacific Journal 3, no. 7 (July 2005).
Summarize: This source offers the perspective of Chinese Forced Laborer after the war in their pursuit of gaining compensation from the Japanese. It also covers a small background on the Chinese forced laborers themselves.
Assess: I mainly use the court cases filed by the Chinese to support my pages. Most of the sources that I already have focus more on Korea than on China. This source helps balance out the ixanformation quantity, so I would also have an equal amount of information on both countries.
Reflect: I will use it to talk about the cases in which the Chinese failed to receive the compensation. I will also use some personal accounts to show frustration from the Chinese point of view.
#4
Identify: David Palmer, Korean Hibakusha, Japan's Supreme Court & the International Community: Can the U.S. & Japan Confront Forced Labor & Atomic Bombing?, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 2008, http://apjjf.org/-David-Palmer/2670/article.pdf
Summarize: The Japanese Supreme Court accepted Korean forced laborers’ request for compensation in a court ruling of 2007. It also ruled that the Japanese Government’s denial of forced labor in Mitsubishi’s Hiroshima’s Shipyard was illegal. This serves as a victory for the workers who suffered in Japanese factories during World War II.
Assess: This article is helpful to my website because it can build off the primary source (by a Korean in Hiroshima) to the present day. It also serves to show one of successes in requesting for compensation.
Reflect: This journal will help me understand why some cases are rejected while others are accepted. It will also provide an insight on why some cases take a long time before an official court ruling. Additionally, it will provide a historical background on cases after Post-WW2 era up to present day.
#5
Identify: Timothy Webster: Sisyphus in a Coal Mine: Responses to Slave Labor in Japan and The United States, 91 Cornell L. Rev. 733 2005-2006
Summarize: This journal provides a historical context for origins of forced labor in Japan during World War II. Additionally, it goes on to discuss the responses of not only the Japanese government but also the American government after the war is over.
Assess: This will help the website because it will provide more historical support and evidence to the controversy of the cases today. Since there are a few Korean perspective in Forced Labor, this article will focus more on the perspective of the Chinese who were captured and forced to work in Japan during World War II.
Reflect: This article will help me understand the transition from the past to the present. This is because it first discusses the theory and practice of forced labor in Japan and China. After, it goes on to discuss the perspectives of Supreme Courts in the US and Japan.
Other sources that were used:
Bittner, Peter. "Mitsubishi Apologizes to Chinese WWII Forced Laborers." The
Diplomat, June 6, 2016. http://thediplomat.com/2016/06/
mitsubishi-apologizes-to-chinese-wwii-forced-laborers/.
"Forced Labor." Memory and Reconciliation in the Asia-Pacific.
https://memoryreconciliation.org/topics/forced-labor/.
Jaffer, Jamil. "Congressional Control over Treaty Interpretation." The
University of Chicago Law Review 70 (2003).
Kang, Hildi, comp. Under the Black Umbrella. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University
Press, 2001.
Katroska, Paul H., ed. Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empire: Unknown
Histories. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015. Digital file.
The Korea Observer (Seoul, South Korea). "Japan’s World War II ‘slave
labor’ sites win UNESCO heritage status." july 2015.
http://www.koreaobserver.com/
japans-world-war-ii-slave-labour-sites-win-unesco-heritage-status-36611/.
The Law Library of Congress. Japan: WWII POW and Forced Labor Compensation
Cases. September 2008. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/pow-compensation/
Japan-pow-compensation.pdf.
Loë, Stefano Von. "What Japan Cannot Learn from Germany." The Diplomat.
http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/what-japan-cannot-learn-from-germany/.
McClain, James L. Japan, a Modern History. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company,
Inc, 2002.
McCurry, Justin. "Mitsubishi offers apology and $56m for wartime use of Chinese
forced labour." The Guardian. Accessed November 30, 2016.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/02/
mitsubishi-offers-apology-and-56m-for-wartime-use-of-chinese-forced-labour.
Nam, Steven S. "From Individual to Collective Restitution: Recasting Corporate
Accountability for Korean Forced Labor in the Second World War."
University of California, Davis 22.
Neuman, Scott. "Japan's Mitsubishi Apologizes For Using U.S. POWs As Forced
Labor In WWII." NPR. Accessed November 30, 2016. http://www.npr.org/
sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/19/424408003/
japans-mitsubishi-to-apologize-for-using-u-s-pows-as-laborers-in-wwii.
"70 Years Later, Japan Should Still Say It's Sorry." Bloomberg View, August 12,
2015. https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015-08-12/
japan-s-apology-for-world-war-ii-is-still-necessary.
Spitzer, Kirk. "Why Japan Is Still Not Sorry Enough." TIME, December 2012.
http://nation.time.com/2012/12/11/why-japan-is-still-not-sorry-enough/.
"Statement by Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama 'On the occasion of the 50th
anniversary of the war's end' (15 August 1995)." http://www.mofa.go.jp/
announce/press/pm/murayama/9508.html.
Identify: Katroska, Paul H., ed. Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empire: Unknown
Histories. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015. Digital file.
Summarize: The book covers the conditions of forced labor for many Asian countries. It gives the statistics as well as first person accounts in the Japanese industry. This book shows mainly harsh treatment of the Japanese and the suffering the laborers had to endure.
Assess: This is an extremely important piece to help me write about my background on the topic. This source is reliable as it pulls its statistics from government documents of when the United States occupied Japan. Compared to other sources, it presents the historical background stronger than other sources with more quantity textual background, descriptions and statistics.
Reflect: I will use this source many times in constructing my background page. It also helps me to visualize the harsh labor the Koreans and Chinese had to endure. Afterwards, I was able to craft the second page which focuses on the frustration of the laborers, building off this topic.
#2
Identify: Haruko Taya Cook and Theodore F. Cook, Japan At War - An Oral History, New York, 1992
Summarize: This is a collection of primary sources. The passages were taken from both sides: the Japanese and its enemies. This book does not focus on forced labor in general but it shows the voices of the two sides.
Assess: Although this book does not focus on forced labor, there is one passage on a Korean laborer who was forced to worked in a Japanese factory. It will provide a real account of how that person felt and what he has to go through being a Korean in the Japanese society.
Reflect: Primary sources are strong evidences of Japanese treatment of forced laborers. Rather than a broad view of POWs, this passage will give me a perspective of one worker in Japanese factories.
#3
Identify: Underwood, William. "Chinese Forced Labor, the Japanese Government and the
Prospects for Redress." The Asia-Pacific Journal 3, no. 7 (July 2005).
Summarize: This source offers the perspective of Chinese Forced Laborer after the war in their pursuit of gaining compensation from the Japanese. It also covers a small background on the Chinese forced laborers themselves.
Assess: I mainly use the court cases filed by the Chinese to support my pages. Most of the sources that I already have focus more on Korea than on China. This source helps balance out the ixanformation quantity, so I would also have an equal amount of information on both countries.
Reflect: I will use it to talk about the cases in which the Chinese failed to receive the compensation. I will also use some personal accounts to show frustration from the Chinese point of view.
#4
Identify: David Palmer, Korean Hibakusha, Japan's Supreme Court & the International Community: Can the U.S. & Japan Confront Forced Labor & Atomic Bombing?, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 2008, http://apjjf.org/-David-Palmer/2670/article.pdf
Summarize: The Japanese Supreme Court accepted Korean forced laborers’ request for compensation in a court ruling of 2007. It also ruled that the Japanese Government’s denial of forced labor in Mitsubishi’s Hiroshima’s Shipyard was illegal. This serves as a victory for the workers who suffered in Japanese factories during World War II.
Assess: This article is helpful to my website because it can build off the primary source (by a Korean in Hiroshima) to the present day. It also serves to show one of successes in requesting for compensation.
Reflect: This journal will help me understand why some cases are rejected while others are accepted. It will also provide an insight on why some cases take a long time before an official court ruling. Additionally, it will provide a historical background on cases after Post-WW2 era up to present day.
#5
Identify: Timothy Webster: Sisyphus in a Coal Mine: Responses to Slave Labor in Japan and The United States, 91 Cornell L. Rev. 733 2005-2006
Summarize: This journal provides a historical context for origins of forced labor in Japan during World War II. Additionally, it goes on to discuss the responses of not only the Japanese government but also the American government after the war is over.
Assess: This will help the website because it will provide more historical support and evidence to the controversy of the cases today. Since there are a few Korean perspective in Forced Labor, this article will focus more on the perspective of the Chinese who were captured and forced to work in Japan during World War II.
Reflect: This article will help me understand the transition from the past to the present. This is because it first discusses the theory and practice of forced labor in Japan and China. After, it goes on to discuss the perspectives of Supreme Courts in the US and Japan.
Other sources that were used:
Bittner, Peter. "Mitsubishi Apologizes to Chinese WWII Forced Laborers." The
Diplomat, June 6, 2016. http://thediplomat.com/2016/06/
mitsubishi-apologizes-to-chinese-wwii-forced-laborers/.
"Forced Labor." Memory and Reconciliation in the Asia-Pacific.
https://memoryreconciliation.org/topics/forced-labor/.
Jaffer, Jamil. "Congressional Control over Treaty Interpretation." The
University of Chicago Law Review 70 (2003).
Kang, Hildi, comp. Under the Black Umbrella. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University
Press, 2001.
Katroska, Paul H., ed. Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empire: Unknown
Histories. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015. Digital file.
The Korea Observer (Seoul, South Korea). "Japan’s World War II ‘slave
labor’ sites win UNESCO heritage status." july 2015.
http://www.koreaobserver.com/
japans-world-war-ii-slave-labour-sites-win-unesco-heritage-status-36611/.
The Law Library of Congress. Japan: WWII POW and Forced Labor Compensation
Cases. September 2008. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/pow-compensation/
Japan-pow-compensation.pdf.
Loë, Stefano Von. "What Japan Cannot Learn from Germany." The Diplomat.
http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/what-japan-cannot-learn-from-germany/.
McClain, James L. Japan, a Modern History. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company,
Inc, 2002.
McCurry, Justin. "Mitsubishi offers apology and $56m for wartime use of Chinese
forced labour." The Guardian. Accessed November 30, 2016.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/02/
mitsubishi-offers-apology-and-56m-for-wartime-use-of-chinese-forced-labour.
Nam, Steven S. "From Individual to Collective Restitution: Recasting Corporate
Accountability for Korean Forced Labor in the Second World War."
University of California, Davis 22.
Neuman, Scott. "Japan's Mitsubishi Apologizes For Using U.S. POWs As Forced
Labor In WWII." NPR. Accessed November 30, 2016. http://www.npr.org/
sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/19/424408003/
japans-mitsubishi-to-apologize-for-using-u-s-pows-as-laborers-in-wwii.
"70 Years Later, Japan Should Still Say It's Sorry." Bloomberg View, August 12,
2015. https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015-08-12/
japan-s-apology-for-world-war-ii-is-still-necessary.
Spitzer, Kirk. "Why Japan Is Still Not Sorry Enough." TIME, December 2012.
http://nation.time.com/2012/12/11/why-japan-is-still-not-sorry-enough/.
"Statement by Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama 'On the occasion of the 50th
anniversary of the war's end' (15 August 1995)." http://www.mofa.go.jp/
announce/press/pm/murayama/9508.html.